Tb caused by virus

It is universally understood that new strategies and more effective tools and interventions will be required to reach post targets Bloom and Atun ; WHO a. These interventions must be not only cost-effective, but also affordable and capable of having an impact on a very large scale.

TB control will need three new advances—development of new point-of-care diagnostics, more effective drug regimens to combat drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB, and more effective vaccines. Specifically, in high-burden countries, many individuals with TB are asymptomatic, such that waiting for patients to become sick enough to seek care has not been sufficient to reduce transmission and incidence markedly Bates and others ; Mao and others ; Willingham and others ; Wood and others A more active and aggressive approach is needed that tackles health system barriers to effective TB control.

In the early formulations, the central tenets of the global TB control strategy were clinical and programmatic in nature, focusing principally on the delivery of standardized drug regimens; the underlying assumption was that the problem could be solved largely by existing biomedical tools Atun, McKee, and others ; Schouten and others Yet, in many LMICs, health system weaknesses in governance, financing, health workforce, procurement and supply chain management, and information systems have impeded TB control Elzinga, Raviglione, and Maher ; Marais and others ; Travis and others and not been adequately addressed by TB control efforts.

The current global TB strategy, formulated as the End TB Strategy, is the most comprehensive ever, with three major pillars:.

Integrated, patient-centered care and prevention. Health systems are important and need to be strengthened. As with other health interventions, the success of tuberculosis treatment and control in a country is often determined by the strength of its health system McKee and Atun ; WHO In a sense, the major risk factor for acquiring TB is breathing.

Thus, people of all social and economic statuses are at risk. While TB disproportionately affects the poor, the narrative that TB is a disease only of the poor is misleading and counterproductive, if it leads either to further stigmatization of the disease or to the view that middle- and high-income countries need not worry about the disease.

The analytical framework underlying this chapter defines key functions of the health system, ultimate goals, and contextual factors that affect the health system figure It also draws on earlier studies by Atun ; Atun and Coker ; Atun, Samyshkin, and others ; Samb and others ; and Swanson and others Governance and organization.

The policy and regulatory environment; stewardship and regulatory functions of the ministry of health and its relation to other levels of the health system; and structural arrangements for insurers and purchasers, health care providers, and market regulators.

The way funds are collected, funds and risks are pooled, finances are allocated, and health care providers are remunerated. Resource management. The way resources—physical, human, and intellectual—are generated and allocated, including their geographic and needs-based allocation.

The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick. If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link.

Tuberculosis TB. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. If you test positive for latent TB infection, your doctor might advise you to take medications to reduce your risk of developing active tuberculosis. Only active TB is contagious. If you have active TB , it generally takes a few weeks of treatment with TB medications before you're not contagious anymore. Follow these tips to help keep your friends and family from getting sick:. This is the most important step you can take to protect yourself and others from tuberculosis.

When you stop treatment early or skip doses, TB bacteria have a chance to develop mutations that allow them to survive the most potent TB drugs. The resulting drug-resistant strains are deadlier and more difficult to treat.

In countries where tuberculosis is more common, infants often are vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guerin BCG vaccine. The BCG vaccine isn't recommended for general use in the United States because it isn't very effective in adults. Dozens of new TB vaccines are in various stages of development and testing. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products.

Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Tuberculosis TB is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic.

Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Basic TB facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed Dec. Jameson JL, et al.